Old English - Modern German cognates

Hring   Sat Oct 14, 2006 1:58 pm GMT
Does anyone else find the similarities in vocabulary between Old English and Modern German to be quite striking?

Here are some examples I was able to find. A lot of these words didn't survive into Modern English while some others shifted in meaning slightly.

Old English Modern German Meaning

'Leod' 'Leute' 'People'
'Frith' 'Friede' 'Peace'
'Fregnan' 'Fragen' 'To question'
'Haftling' 'Häftling' 'Prisoner'
'Laex' 'Lachs' 'Salmon'
'Geotan' 'Gießen' 'To pour'
'Brucan' 'Brauchen' 'To use'
'Faran' 'Fahren' 'To travel' (Still survives in English compounds)
'Ream' 'Rahm' 'Cream'
'Dreogan' 'Ertragen' 'To endure' (Survives in English Dialect 'Dree')
'Lof' 'Lob' 'Praise'
'Here' 'Heer' 'Army'
'Gesetnes' 'Gesetz' 'Law'
'Gewinn' 'Gewinn' 'Profit'
'Lendenu' 'Lende' 'Loin'
'Dael' 'Teil' 'Part' (Source of Modern English 'Deal')
'Earm' 'Arm' 'Poor'
'Elpendban' 'Elfenbein' 'Ivory'
'Stund' 'Stunde' 'Hour'
'Gefangen' 'Fangen' 'To catch'
'Smaec' 'Schmecken' 'To taste' (Source of Modern English 'Smack')
'Lyft,luft' 'Luft' 'Air' (Source of Modern English 'Lift' and 'Loft')
'Hydan' 'Haut' 'Skin' (Source of Modern English 'Hide')
'Niman' 'Nehmen' 'To take'
'Heofon' 'Himmel' 'Sky' (Source of Modern English 'Heaven')
'Gebyrd' 'Geburt' 'Birth'
'Sniþan' 'Schneiden' 'To cut'
'Weorpan' 'Werfen' 'To cast' (Source of Modern English 'Warp')
'Fremd' 'Fremd' 'Foreign'
'Haerfest' 'Herbst' 'Autumn' (Source of Modern English 'Harvest')
Emilio   Sat Oct 14, 2006 4:18 pm GMT
Yes, I noticed that too. But what is a bit more striking is the similarity between modern German and Gothic, which is much older than Old English.
Here you can see a few gothic words on the left with their german counterparts on the right.

dreiban - treiben
greipan - greifen
skeinan - scheinen
bindan - binden
brinnan - brennen
drigkan - trinken
finþan - finden
spinnan - spinnen, wirbeln, sich drehen
waírpan - werfen
windan - winden
niman - nehmen
qiman - kommen
stilan - stehlen
trudan - treten
giban - geben
ligan - liegen
faran - fahren, gehen
skaban - schaben
swaran - schwören
meins - mein
þeins - dein
unsar - unser

I also found the Lord's Prayer in Gothic and modern German:

Gothic:
Atta unsar, þu in himinam, weihnai namô þein. Qimai þiudinassus þeins. Waírþai wilja þeins, swê in himina jah ana aírþai. Hlaif unsarana þana sinteinan gif uns himma daga. Jah aflêt uns þatei skulans sijaima, swaswê jah weis aflêtam þaim skulam unsaraim. Jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai, ak lausei uns af þamma ubilin. Unte þeina ist þiudangardi jah mahts jah wulþus in aiwins.

German:
Vater unser, du {im} Himmel, geweiht {sei} dein Name. Komme dein Königreich. Werde Wille dein, so {wie} im Himmel und auf der Erde. Unseren Laib den täglichen gib uns {an} diesem Tage. Und vergib uns, dass wir Schuldner seien, so-wie {auch} wir vergeben den Schuldnern unseren. Und nicht bringe uns in Versuchung, sondern {er}löse uns von dem Übel. Denn dein ist {das} Königreich und {die} Macht und {die} Herrlichkeit in Ew{igkeit}.
Aldvm   Sat Oct 14, 2006 5:50 pm GMT
Just curious, how does this letter 'þ' sound ?
Guest   Sat Oct 14, 2006 6:35 pm GMT
It sounds like the 'th' in 'think'. So 'Sniþan' could also be written as 'Snithan'.
Emilio   Sat Oct 14, 2006 6:36 pm GMT
The letter 'þ' is a voiceless interdental fricative.

Here are some examples:
icelandic: Þýskaland (Germany)
spanish: paz (peace) [paθ]
english: theft [θɛft]
and also greek
greg   Sun Oct 15, 2006 1:33 am GMT
Go = gothique — VHA = vieux haut-allemand — Al = allemand — VA = vieil-anglais — An = anglais — Né = néerlandais — VBF = vieux bas-francique — AF = ancien français — Fr = français — Ge = germanique — VN = vieux norrois — Gr = grec — La = latin




Go <dreiban> — VHA <triban> — Al <treiben> — VA <drifan> — An <drive> — Né <drijven>

Go <greipan> — VHA <grifan> — Al <greifen> — VA <gripan> — An <gripe> — Né <grijpen> — VBF <gripan> — AF <gripe> — Fr <grippe> — An <grippe>

Go <skeinan> — VHA <skinan> — Al <scheinen> — VA <scinan> — An <shine> — Né <schijnen>

Go <bindan> — VHA <pintan> — Al <binden> — VA <bindan> — An <bind> — Né <binden> — Ge <bindo> — AF <bende> — Fr <bande> — An <band>

Go <brinnan> — VHA <prennan> — Al <brennen> — VA <bærnan> — An <burn> — Né <branden>

Go <drigkan> — VHA <trinkan> — Al <trinken> — VA <drincan> — An <drink> — Né <drinken>

Go <finþan> — VHA <findan> — Al <finden> — VA <findan> — An <find> — Né <vinden>

Go <spinnan> — VHA <spinnan> — Al <spinnen> — VA <spinnan> — An <spin> — Né <spinnen>

Go <waírpan> — VHA <werpan> — Al <werfen> — VA <weorpan> — An <warp> — Né <werpen> — VBF <werpjan> — AF <guerpir> — Fr <déguerpir>

Go <windan> — VHA <wintan> — Al <winden> — VA <windan> — An <wind> — Né <winden> — VN <vinda> — AF <winder> — Fr <guinder>

Go <niman> — VHA <neman> — Al <nehmen> — VA <niman> — An <numb> — Né <nemen>

Go <qviman> — VHA <queman> — Al <kommen> — VA <cuman> — An <come> — Né <komen>

Go <stilan> — VHA <stelan> — Al <stehlen> — VA <stelan> — An <steal> — Né <stelen>

Go <trudan> — VHA <tretan> — Al <treten> — VA <treadan> — An <tread> — Né <treden>

Go <ligan> — VHA <kepan> — Al <liegen> — VA <licgan> — An <lie> — Né <liggen>

Go <faran> — VHA <faran> — Al <fahren> — VA <faran> — An <fare> — Né <varen> — Gr <πορος> — La <portare> — Fr <porter> — An <porter>

Go <skaban> — VHA <scaban> — Al <schaben> — VA <sceafan> — An <shave> — Né <schaven>

Go <swaran> — VHA <swerian> — Al <schwören> — VA <swerian> — An <swear> — Né <zweren>