How did Greek become Turkish in Anatolia and Constantinple?

grup   Thu Jul 23, 2009 7:48 am GMT
Everyone who studies history knows Anatolia and Constantinple(now Istanbul) was originally homeland of Greek people and Greek used to be majority there.

But something which makes me surprised is how Greek became Turkish in Anatolia and Constantinple after Ostman Turkish Conquest and finally the conquest of Constantinple of 1453.

Did Turks rape innocent Greek girls and force them to be pregnant and give birth to children with Turkish men's blood and Greek girls' body?

No ethnic group can be suddenly disppear but why Greek suddenly disappeared after Ostman Turkish Conquest in both Anatolia and Constantinple?
Mallorquí   Thu Jul 23, 2009 5:18 pm GMT
Bonjour, grup.

Là, avec tes déclarations, tu te trompes lourdement.

L'élément grec n'est pas disparu de l'Anatolie ni de Constantinople (Istanbul aujourd'hui) du jour au lendemain. Après la conqûete turque, il est resté, pendant des siècles, majoritaire dans ce qui est la Turquie actuelle. Rappelle-toi les phanariotes, grecs de Constantinople qui, sous domination ottomane, contrôlaient une bonne partie du commerce turc.

Au début du XIXème siècle, Constantinople n'était turque qu'à demi. Un 50% de sa population était grecque, arménienne, juive... On connaît de quelle façon tellement expéditive les turcs ont éliminé l'élement arménien (plus d'un milion de massacrés, le premier grand génocide du XXième siècle). Dans les années vingt, la zone d'Esmirne, de majorité grecque, a été attaqué par l'armée turque et sa population éliminé, bien physiquement, bien forcée d'émigrer. Dans ces procès de nettoyage ethnique, les turques ont devancé de beaucoup les nazis.

Afin d'en finir une bonne foi pour toutes, à la fin des années vingt, par un accord international, les populations turques présentes dans Grèce ont été transférées en Turquie et, vice versa, les grecs de Turquie ont été déportés en Grèce: un milion et demi de turcs sont partis en Turquie et cinq milions de grecs en Grèce.

Même comme ça, il restait encore beacoup de grecs en Turquie qui, dans les années cinquante du siècle dernier, ont été expulsés et, d'une façon majoritaire, ont émigré en Grèce (je te conseille, à ce propos, de voir l'excellent film "Politikí kuzina", plus connu sous le nom anglais "A touch of spice"). Les grecs de Constantinople avaient le droit d'y rester... s'ils renieaient le christianisme et se convertissaient à l'Islam. Cependant, et malgré cette suite de nettoyages ethniques, il reste encore des grecs en Turquie, qui gardent même leur langue. Dans la zone de Trébisonde (en turc Trabzon), les grecs pontiques sont très nombreux.

Comme tu vois, grup, le peuple grec n'a pas disparu de ce qui, par la suite, est devenue la Turquie, au XV siècle. Il en reste encore, et il s'agit là d'un haut exemple d'attachement d'un peuple à son terroir.

Il va sans dire qu'une bonne partie des "turcs" d'aujourd'hui sont des descendants de grecs turquifiés et islamisés (survie obligeait).
Guest   Thu Jul 23, 2009 5:23 pm GMT
If this thread is in English why do you answer in French?.
Domine   Thu Jul 23, 2009 5:52 pm GMT
">Everyone who studies history knows Anatolia and Constantinple(now Istanbul) was originally homeland of Greek people and Greek used to be majority there.<"

Anatolia is the cradle of civilization, according to some, as well as the immersion of cultures from all parts of the world. The Greeks were the ones who stayed there the longest, that is to say, 700 B.C to 1500 B.C.E; more or less.

">But something which makes me surprised is how Greek became Turkish in Anatolia and Constantinple after Ostman Turkish Conquest and finally the conquest of Constantinple of 1453.<"

Turkish is not a descendant Greek; however, the people most likely can be of Greek ancestry, as the elite in the Ottoman Empire would take wifes / slaves from Eastern European women ad nauseam (i.e. Greeks) the year 1453 does not mean an exodus of Greeks left Anatolia or died off or were subject to strict Ottoman rule as to justify their absence. Many Greeks - mainly intellectuals and the elite - had already left the capital (Constantinopolis) since 50 or so years from the actual official date of 1453. A side note: the Greeks under the first sultans from 1451 to 1540s or so were ipso facto actually treated better then the rest of the Sultans.


">Did Turks rape innocent Greek girls and force them to be pregnant and give birth to children with Turkish men's blood and Greek girls' body?<"

Yes. Like all great empires before them. In the Ottoman Empire, however, the men were usually killed, the children captured and forcibly elisted in the Janissaries - made fanatics of the sultan and Islam.

">No ethnic group can be suddenly disppear but why Greek suddenly disappeared after Ostman Turkish Conquest in both Anatolia and Constantinple?<"

Greek is still spoken in Western Anatolia - in historically ancient sites of the Greeks. Plus many Greeks after Greece became independent settled in Mainland Greece instead of residing Ottoman Turkey.
Commonaswhole   Thu Jul 23, 2009 6:22 pm GMT
<<If this thread is in English why do you answer in French?.>>

Toutes les langues sont égales, les plus grandes langues en tout cas. Vous êtes libres d'utiliser n'importe quelle langue. Évidemment, vous devez espérer que les gens vous comprennent.
Mallorquí.   Thu Jul 23, 2009 6:44 pm GMT
À propos des malaises d'une bonne partie des turcs actuels, indéfinis entre le monde islamique et l'Europe, je vous conseille vivement de lire une partie des romans du turc, prix Nobel, Orhan Pamuk. Lisez "Neige": c'est très illustratif.

Heureusement moi, européen méridional, latin,vje ne connais pas cette situation, cette hésitation entre ces deux mondes. Ça doit être assez douloureux.

Les premières avalanches turques se sont converties au christianisme et, par là, sont devenues "occidentales" et européennes: bulgares (peuplades avares intégrées dans un monde eslave), gagaouzes, etc. Cela a donné origine à des européens.

Si les peuplades turques ottomanes, au lieux de devenir islamiques, étaient devenues chrétiennes, probablement tout ce malaise de nos jours, ce mauvais-être de la Turquie actuelle (européenne à moitié, surtout dans sa partie la plus occidentale, déchirure dans sa population, montée de l'islamisme, etc.) n'éxisterait pas et les turcs seraient devenus des européens à part entière tout comme d'autres peuples (finnois, hongrois) venus de l'Asie. Il va sans dire que ce que je viens de déclarer n'est qu'une simplification, mais qui reste vraie dans le fonds. La Turquie ferait partie de l'Union Européene et n'éveillerait chez nous européens les méfiances (très justifiées) qui ont empêché son entré dans l'UE et qui, je m'espère, l'empêcheront à jamais.

À plusieurs reprises, Kémal Atatürk, le père de la Turquie moderne, a déclaré que "la Turquie avait eu le malheur de basculer dans le monde islamique".

Il va sans dire que, jusqu'à leur anéantissement, les grecs "de Turquie" ont gardé leur langue bimillénaire. Ils l'appelaient "romaïca".
Mallorquí   Thu Jul 23, 2009 6:51 pm GMT
À Guest:

Responc en francès perquè no sé escriure en anglès.

Je réponds en français parce que je ne sais pas écrire en anglais.

I answer in french (or in catalan) because I dont speak or write english.
Guest   Thu Jul 23, 2009 7:16 pm GMT
If you don't speak English how can you understand posts writen in English?. Do you rely on automatic translators?.
grup   Fri Jul 24, 2009 3:00 am GMT
I just think the Turks in Turkey are not absolutely Turkish ethnic but mixblood of Byzantinian Greeks and original Turkish ethnic.

But to my surprise is that why the official language in Republic of Turkey is Turkish , not Greek . As my knowledge of history, the Turkish ethnic used to be minority in Anatolia and COnstantinple when Turks invaded and occupied there.

Did they force Greeks to abandon their religion(Christianity), language(Greek)?
Domine   Fri Jul 24, 2009 3:41 am GMT
">I just think the Turks in Turkey are not absolutely Turkish ethnic but mixblood of Byzantinian Greeks and original Turkish ethnic.

But to my surprise is that why the official language in Republic of Turkey is Turkish , not Greek . As my knowledge of history, the Turkish ethnic used to be minority in Anatolia and COnstantinple when Turks invaded and occupied there.<"

You are right. The Turks were originally from Bokhara in modern-day Uzbekistan, closely related to the mongolians, their diaspora happened in the 9th century. The Turks of Turkey are indeed mixed peoples of all previous civilizations that had resided there, that is to say, languages change, customs change, clothing changes, religion changes, culture changes but there is typically always a remnant of the past civilization via a language or religion. The E. Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) was just an extensive continuation of Roman, Greek and Middle-Eastern influences; all under the Christian belief, that is why, one can still find pockets of Christians in their former domains.

">Did they force Greeks to abandon their religion(Christianity), language(Greek)?<"

Not necessarily; but they did compell young Greeks in discreet ways with benefits. Here are some examples. . . sometimes Greeks would learn the Turkish language to become international translators for the Ottomans in dealing with the West. However, what tended to happen more was with the children of Greeks - as I had mentioned beforehand - they were forcibly incoporated into the janissaries (military), made fanaticals of the sultan and Islam. One could say the following: this was a way of minimizing the Greek religion, language and culture. Sadly the Greek culture was lost in the East but survived in the West via intellectuals and the elite fleeing Constantinople years before the official collaspe to Italy.
Q.E.D.   Wed Jul 29, 2009 4:55 pm GMT
>>Mallorqui
>Heureusement moi, européen méridional, latin,vje ne connais pas cette >situation, cette hésitation entre ces deux mondes. Ça doit être assez >douloureux.

You are right in many aspects. I can add more details about Romanian principalities (Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania) interactions with Turks. In many aspects these principalities acted as a buffer between empires (Ottoman empire, Russian empire, German/Austrian empire). As it was mentioned above, although they nominally had independence, an annual tribute tribute to the Turks in gold coins, grains, honey and children to be enlisted in Janissary elite corps was required. Attempts, some successful, to re balance the power were made, but the combination of geopolitics, internal frictions and increasing Ottoman power rendered them useless. However, these attempts together with the Greek element that gained influence in the Ottoman empire (Fanariots) changed the traditional state of affairs in the sense that the throne of Romanian principalities was sold to the highest bidder, usually of greek descent. This lasted for couple of hundred years when finally the ottoman empire was weakened enough for the greeks where thrown out in a bloody uprising of nationalism.
As they say, timeo danaos et dona ferentes.