Minicab

Robin Michael   Tue Oct 20, 2009 1:18 am GMT
This might sound like a stupid question, but I think that it will generate a surprising amount of discussion.

What is a minicab?
robin's unappreciated   Tue Oct 20, 2009 2:27 am GMT
Taxicabs of the United Kingdom
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"The Knowledge" redirects here. For other uses, see The Knowledge (disambiguation).
Main article: Taxicabs by country
Taxicab rank outside Liverpool Lime Street railway station

Taxicabs are regulated throughout the United Kingdom, but the regulation of taxicabs in London is especially rigorous both with regard to mechanical integrity and driver knowledge. An official report observed that: "Little however is known about the regulation by anyone outside the trade. The Public Carriage Office, which regulates and licenses taxis and private hire (commonly known as minicabs) was transferred from the Metropolitan Police to become part of Transport for London in 2000."[1]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Types of Cab
o 1.1 Hackney Carriages
o 1.2 Private hire ('Minicabs')
* 2 London
o 2.1 History
o 2.2 Electric taxi
o 2.3 The Knowledge
+ 2.3.1 Course details
+ 2.3.2 "Knowledge boys"
+ 2.3.3 In research, film and literature
o 2.4 Public Carriage Office
+ 2.4.1 History
+ 2.4.2 Present role
* 3 Elsewhere
o 3.1 Leeds
o 3.2 Southampton
o 3.3 Isle of Wight
o 3.4 Bradford
o 3.5 Luton
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

[edit] Types of Cab

* Hackney carriages can be flagged-down in the street or hired from a taxi rank.

* Private hire ('Minicabs') are passenger vehicles which can be either a 4 door saloon/hatchback, carrying up to four passengers or MPVs that are licensed to carry between 5 and 8 passengers. These cannot be hailed in the street and must be pre-booked.
o Chauffeur cars are a sub-set of private hire; generally a higher value of car such as a Mercedes or Jaguar where the passenger pays a premium but in return receives a higher level of comfort and courtesy from the driver who may at times wear a uniform.

[edit] Hackney Carriages

Only licensed hackney carriages can pick up passengers on the street without pre-booking.

London's Black cabs are particularly famous on account of the specially constructed vehicles and the extensive training course (the Knowledge) required for fully licensed drivers; unlike many other cities, the number of taxicab drivers in London is not limited. Medical tests have discovered that London cab drivers tend to have developed an especially big hippocampus, a region of the brain where, among other things, information about locations is stored.[2]
[edit] Private hire ('Minicabs')
UK minicab with company name and telephone number on each side

In the UK, the term minicab is used to refer to a private hire car; that is a car with a driver available for hire only on a pre-booked basis. They began operating in the 1960s in competition to hackney carriages after a loophole in the law was spotted (although in some areas it is possible to hold a dual hackney/private hire licence). A minicab must be pre-booked, for example, by telephone, internet, or fax; or in person at the registered minicab office. One can book at the time at which one needs the minicab but only with a company registered to accept bookings rather than directly with one of its drivers.

Since 2001, minicabs have been regulated in London and most other local authorities. London minicabs are now licensed by the Public Carriage Office, the same body that regulates London black taxicabs. All vehicles available for hire by London minicab drivers must also hold a Public Carriage Office licence showing that they are fit for purpose. This is updated twice a year after an inspection at a licensed garage.
[edit] London
London Black Cab
Advertisements for Barclays on a Leeds taxi.
[edit] History

Horse-drawn hackney carriages began providing taxicab service in the early 17th century. In 1636, the number of carriages was set at 50 - an early example of taxicab regulation. In the same year, the owner of four hackney carriages established the first taxicab stand in The Strand. In the early 19th century, cabriolets (cabs for short) replaced the heavier and more cumbersome hackney carriages. Battery-operated taxis appeared briefly at the end of the 19th century, but the modern taxicab service took off with the appearance of petrol-powered taxis in 1903. In 1907 meters were first introduced to calculate the fare and were set at 8d for the first mile. Today, taxicab service in London is provided by the famous black cabs (the distinctive FX4 depicted in the photo above) and by minicabs.
[edit] Electric taxi

Chinese carmaker Geely Automobile has been in talks over the possibility of converting London’s black cabs into electric-powered cars. The company, which co-owns black London taxi-maker Manganese Bronze, says it has held talks with UK government officials about the plan.[3]
[edit] The Knowledge

The taxicab driver is required to be able to decide routes immediately in response to a passenger's request or traffic conditions, rather than stopping to look at a map, rely on satellite navigation or ask a controller by radio. Consequently, the 'Knowledge of London' Examination System,[4] informally known as 'The Knowledge', is the in-depth study of a number of pre-set London street routes and places of interest that taxicab-drivers in that city must complete to obtain a licence to operate a black cab. It was initiated in 1865, and has changed little since.

It is the world's most demanding training course for taxicab-drivers, and applicants will usually need at least 12 'Appearances' (attempts at the final test), after preparation averaging 34 months, to pass the examination.[5]
[edit] Course details

The 320 main (standard) routes, or 'runs', through central London of the Knowledge are contained within the 'Blue Book' (officially known as the 'Guide to Learning the Knowledge of London'), produced by the Public Carriage Office which regulates licensed taxis in London. In all some 25,000 streets within a six mile radius of Charing Cross are covered along with the major arterial routes through the rest of London.

A taxicab-driver must learn these routes, as well as the 'points of interest' along those routes including streets, squares, clubs, hospitals, hotels, theatres, embassies, government and public buildings, railway stations, police stations, courts, diplomatic buildings, important places of worship, cemeteries, crematoria, parks and open spaces, sports and leisure centres, places of learning, restaurants and historic buildings.

The Knowledge includes such details as the order of theatres on Shaftesbury Avenue, or the names and order of the side streets and traffic signals passed on a route.

There are separate shorter courses, for suburban London, with 30 to 50 'runs' depending on the sector.[6]
[edit] "Knowledge boys"
"Knowledge boy"

During training would-be cabbies, known as Knowledge boys (or girls), usually follow these routes around London on a motor scooter, and can be identified by the clipboard fixed to the handlebars and showing details of the streets to be learned that day. Taxi-driver applicants must be 'of good character', meeting strict requirements regarding any criminal record,[7] then first pass a written test which qualifies them to make an 'appearance'. At appearances, Knowledge boys must, without looking at a map, identify the quickest and most sensible route between any two points in metropolitan London that their examiner chooses. For each route, the applicants must recite the names of the roads used, when they cross junctions, use roundabouts, make turns, and what is 'alongside' them at each point.[8]
[edit] In research, film and literature

A humorous 1979 film about this learning experience, called The Knowledge, was written by Jack Rosenthal for ITV,[9] and was in 2000 voted number 83 in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes compiled by the British Film Institute.

In the Up Series documentary films, Tony Walker is seen on his motor scooter learning "The Knowledge" before becoming a cab driver.

In The Knowledge Miniseries, which was a spin off from the comic book Hellblazer, Chas Chandler's job as a taxi driver is the basis for various plot elements of the series.

Knowledge boys/girls and their online learning communities have recently been the subject of academic research, including a Ph.D. dissertation by Drew A. R. Ross at Oxford University.

There is evidence that training for the Knowledge can result in measurable physical changes in the brain of a trainee cab driver; as reported by BBC News[10] and Scientific American Frontiers.[8]

The Knowledge, its "Runs", and to a certain extent the role of the PCO, form the basis for a future religion in the author Will Self's The Book of Dave.[11]
[edit] Public Carriage Office

The Public Carriage Office (PCO) is the body responsible for licensing taxicabs within Greater London. The PCO is part of Transport for London and is responsible for licensing the familiar London taxicab or "black cab" and also licenses private hire or minicab services. Since 30 March 2007 the actual processing of licences has been outsourced to a private company called SGS.
[edit] History
PCO licence plate, as seen on the back of all licensed hackney carriages (September 2006)

Since 1600 public carriages for hire have been a feature of London life. The discarded coaches of aristocratic families, complete with their coat of arms, were among the first hackney carriages to ply for hire. They were the forerunners of the French hackney carriage or cab (cabriolet) which first appeared in London around 1820.

The first horseless cab, the Bersey electric powered vehicle, appeared in 1897, followed by the first internal combustion engine cab in 1903. At that time London still had more than 11,000 horse drawn cabs. The last horse drawn cab was removed from service in 1947. There are now over 20,000 licensed vehicles on London's roads.

Regulation of the trade passed to the Metropolitan Police in 1850 and was undertaken by the Public Carriage Office, which was originally in an annex to New Scotland Yard in Whitehall called "the Bungalow". It moved to 109 Lambeth Road in 1919, remaining there until 1966, when it moved to its present home, 15 Penton Street, Islington.
[edit] Present role

On the formation of Transport for London on 3 July 2000, the licensing authority changed, however the day-to-day licensing function remained with the Public Carriage Office.

With the introduction of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 the role of the PCO has been expanded to include the licensing of private hire operators, drivers and vehicles, bringing the capital into line with the rest of England and Wales. The purpose of regulation is to give passengers confidence, when they use a licensed private-hire operator, that they are dealing with an honest, professional organisation with reliable drivers and safe vehicles.

Implementation of the legislation has been phased, with operator-licensing near completion and driver-licensing at the end of a consultation process. Over 2,000 operators have applied and it is estimated that there are about 40,000 drivers and a similar number of vehicles.

To cope with the additional volume a new, integrated taxicab and private-hire information-technology system (TAPITS) has been developed. There are corresponding plans to develop a computer-based Knowledge-of-London testing system to interface with the integrated system.

In November 2005, in the report Where to, Guv?, the London Assembly's Transport Committee reported on a review of the Public Carriage Office and made some key recommendations.[1]
[edit] Elsewhere
[edit] Leeds

In Leeds, hackney carriage taxicabs, but not private hire, are painted in white with black bumpers, a black bonnet and a black boot/hatch.[12]
[edit] Southampton

In Southampton, all hackney carriage taxis must be predominantly white. Private hire vehicles are barred from being white, but may be any other colour. [13]
[edit] Isle of Wight

On the Isle of Wight, hackney carriage taxis were previously not forced to be any particular colour, and designs of cab vary from cars to small 8-seater minibuses. The council has recently introduced licensing restrictions that mean all new vehicles licensed as hackney carriages must be silver and disabled accessible. These restrictions do not apply to previously granted licences however, which means many taxis remain unchanged.
[edit] Bradford

In Bradford, hackney carriage taxicabs, but not private hire, are painted in white with a green diagonal stripe.
[edit] Luton

Luton is reported to have the highest number of taxicabs per head of population in the United Kingdom.[14]
[edit] See also

* Cabmen's Shelter Fund

[edit] References

1. ^ a b "Where to, Guv?", London Assembly Transport Committee report into the Public Carriage Office, November 2005
2. ^ "Taxi drivers 'have brain sat-nav'". BBC News. 2008-09-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7613621.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
3. ^ http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/10/20/geely-well-make-an-electric-london-cab/
4. ^ http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/56_06.pdf
5. ^ "The Knowledge", Public Carriage Office, Transport for London
6. ^ "Applicants for a Taxi Driver’s Licence - The ‘Knowledge of London' Examination System", Public Carriage Office, Transport for London
7. ^ http://www.infotaxi.org/article_41.htm
8. ^ a b "The Knowledge Boys", Scientific American Frontiers
9. ^ The Knowledge (1979) (TV) at the Internet Movie Database
10. ^ "Taxi drivers' brains 'grow' on the job" BBC News
11. ^ ""The Book Of Dave"" "The Book Of Dave"
12. ^ Taxi, Flickr.com, Paul Holloway
13. ^ [1]West Quay Cars Website
14. ^ "Luton South", UK Polling Report

[edit] External links

* Transport for London's Public Carriage Office Website. The PCO section of this article is a modified version of their webpages and was made with their permission
* The London Taxi Trade A report by London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, June 2007
* Department For Transport:London minicab regulation
* PCO Office Check
* London hackney coach regulations, 1819
* London Minicab History History of minicab trade by John Sanderson

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Categories: Taxicabs of the United Kingdom
Damian in Edinburgh   Tue Oct 20, 2009 10:27 am GMT
Ah.....The Knowledge.....the famous or perhaps the infamous Knowledge....every single man jack (or woman jill - thin on the ground as these may be in this context) London black cab taxi driver is obliged to pass this extremely stiff, highly complex and exceedingly detailed test of the knowledge of the exact whereabouts of every single street, road, avenue, lane, grove, drive, way and of every single landmark situated thereon......or else they don't acquire the license to drive any one of those familar black taxi cabs in London.

They have the choice of just sitting the test which covers the area within a six mile radius of Charing Cross (the "Charing" is pronounced as ChaRRing, btw - unlike the village in Kent, also called Charing, in which case it's Chair-ing.....live with it, it's the way things are!)

If they pass this then they are qualifed to drive a cab within that specified area of Central London only. If they get stopped in Portland Place, just outside BBC's Broadcasting House, for example, and ask to be taken to Heathrow Airport then they have to turn down the request.

However, the vast majority of London taxi drivers have passed the more rigid test covering the entire Greater London area in which case their very detailed knowledge of the whole metropolis and its vast complexity is such that you only have to name any particular destination, however obscure, or any landmark or building or whatever, and you will be taken there without question, and without the driver stopping once to either refer to the famous A to Z or, horrors of horrors, stopping to ask a pedestrian for directions! No doubt the driver would be sent down the road clutching his P45 if that ever happened.

All the while I was working and living in London I think I only used a taxi about three or four times. It was really funny on one occasion as the driver, following the tradition of most London cab drivers by being extremely garrulous, and it was very gratifying for me as he was a fellow Scot and as we bombed along through the traffic on the Cromwell Road we both chatted in our Scottish accents.....I felt as if I was back home. He told me that he came from Kilmarnock.

http://www.tfl.gov.uk/businessandpartners/taxisandprivatehire/1412.aspx
Damian in Edinburgh   Tue Oct 20, 2009 10:35 am GMT
Luton........I see that Esther Rantzen will be standing as an independent candidate in the Luton South constituency in next spring's General Election and no doubt talking the hindlegs off every donkey in Luton at the same time.
Robin Michael   Tue Oct 20, 2009 12:07 pm GMT
The big row was over 'minicabs' and 'hire cars'.

My father seemed to think that a minicab was a Mini being driven by a taxi driver. A very amusing and absurd suggestion.

He wants to get a 'hire car' to the airport. For some reason he was confusing 'hire car' with something else.

The Wikipedia article is very good in its way. But it does not explain the particular role of the minicab and the minicab driver.

Funnily enough, the American online dictionaries give a completely misleading and absurd definition of minicab. Amazingly my father was going by these crazy definitions, which ignore the fact that in the UK there is a popular car called a Mini.

However Wikipedia is very good.

_________________________________________________________

* Hackney carriages can be flagged-down in the street or hired from a taxi rank.

* Private hire ('Minicabs') are passenger vehicles which can be either a 4 door saloon/hatchback, carrying up to four passengers or MPVs that are licensed to carry between 5 and 8 passengers. These cannot be hailed in the street and must be pre-booked.

* Chauffeur cars are a sub-set of private hire; generally a higher value of car such as a Mercedes or Jaguar where the passenger pays a premium but in return receives a higher level of comfort and courtesy from the driver who may at times wear a uniform.

__________________________________________________________

When my father was referring to a 'hire car' he was not thinking of a car from Hertz or Avis but a chauffeur driven car - i.e. a large prestigious car driven by a professional driver. I do not expect he would want the driver to wear a uniform, and he would want a car that was good rather than a Rolls Royce used for weddings, that looked good, but was rather unreliable. Probably a large Merc or Volvo, I am not so sure about Jaguars which tend to be rather sporting.
Brit   Tue Oct 20, 2009 6:44 pm GMT
it's a fucking mini cab

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Dalai Lama   Tue Oct 20, 2009 7:16 pm GMT
I hate Robin Michael's Guts.
Robin Michael   Wed Oct 21, 2009 4:36 pm GMT
Oh dear!

We are starting this again.

In the Evening Express (Aberdeen newspaper) I saw a job advert for 'licenced hackney cab drivers'.


I thought that might be interesting in what I had hoped was an interesting discussion of the English language.


"The Knowledge" was also the name of a film which I have seen on TV, but I don't think that Damian has seen?

The Knowledge (1979) (TV)
Four men attempt "The Knowledge" examination to qualify as London taxi drivers. full summary ... I was delighted to see this gem of a film available on DVD. ...
www.imdb.com/title/tt0082624/ - Cached - Similar