ITALIAN GRAMMAR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subjunctive
The Subjunctive mood expresses doubt, uncertainty, hope, fear, possibility, opinions, etc. and is used much more frequently in Italian. It is mainly used in dependent clauses (sentences introduced by a conjunction that do not have a complete meaning) that are introduced by che.
The "congiuntivo" is also required with particular expressions such as:
Impersonal forms » è necessario che, bisogna che, è importante che... tu venga al cinema - it's necessary that, it's important that... you come to the movie
Comparative clauses » è il film più interessante che abbia visto - it is the most interesting movie that I saw
Sentences introduced by » affinché - perché (so that), tranne che (a part that), a meno che (unless), sebbene - malgrado - nonostante (altough), purché - a patto che (provided that), come se (as if)
Sentences introduced by the adjectives or pronouns » qualsiasi - qualunque (any), chiunque (whoever), dovunque (anywhere)
Sentences introduced by the adjectives or pronouns » niente che - nulla che (nothing that), nessuno che (nobody that), l'unico/a che - il solo/a che (the only one that)
Italian subjunctive has four forms. The two first ones (Present and Imperfect Subjunctive) are simple tenses, with their own inflections:
» Present Subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente)
» Imperfect Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Imperfetto)
And the last compound tenses (congiuntivo passato and congiuntivo trapassato) are made in the same way as the indicative ones (auxiliary verb + past participle of the main verb), though the two auxiliaries essere and avere use subjunctive inflections.
» Perfect (Past) Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Passato)
» Pluperfect (Congiuntivo trapassato
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subjunctive
The Subjunctive mood expresses doubt, uncertainty, hope, fear, possibility, opinions, etc. and is used much more frequently in Italian. It is mainly used in dependent clauses (sentences introduced by a conjunction that do not have a complete meaning) that are introduced by che.
The "congiuntivo" is also required with particular expressions such as:
Impersonal forms » è necessario che, bisogna che, è importante che... tu venga al cinema - it's necessary that, it's important that... you come to the movie
Comparative clauses » è il film più interessante che abbia visto - it is the most interesting movie that I saw
Sentences introduced by » affinché - perché (so that), tranne che (a part that), a meno che (unless), sebbene - malgrado - nonostante (altough), purché - a patto che (provided that), come se (as if)
Sentences introduced by the adjectives or pronouns » qualsiasi - qualunque (any), chiunque (whoever), dovunque (anywhere)
Sentences introduced by the adjectives or pronouns » niente che - nulla che (nothing that), nessuno che (nobody that), l'unico/a che - il solo/a che (the only one that)
Italian subjunctive has four forms. The two first ones (Present and Imperfect Subjunctive) are simple tenses, with their own inflections:
» Present Subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente)
» Imperfect Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Imperfetto)
And the last compound tenses (congiuntivo passato and congiuntivo trapassato) are made in the same way as the indicative ones (auxiliary verb + past participle of the main verb), though the two auxiliaries essere and avere use subjunctive inflections.
» Perfect (Past) Subjunctive (Congiuntivo Passato)
» Pluperfect (Congiuntivo trapassato