i agree with Visitor.
Criteria for a language to be important internationally
Homer, even in BPO, you should remember that English is not the sole language in accepting customer calls internationally but other major world languages too.
English speakers study other languages too if they want higher pay.
English speakers study other languages too if they want higher pay.
That's shit, Visitor. IT's a LIE. There may be a lot of material in Russian and German and French, but all WORTHY material is translated. If it is untranslated thenit's gotta be shit, it's just gotta be.
But then again, at least they're trying. Spanish isn't even trying! haha!
But then again, at least they're trying. Spanish isn't even trying! haha!
----------- Chemical Abstract total % - In Index Medicus, % of total
Languages 1958 1965 1979 1879 1965 1973
Chinese — 0.5 0.4 — 0.4 —
English 50.5 50.3 65.0 42 51.2 66.4
French 5.5 7.3 2.2 23 8.6 4.3
German 9.7 6.4 4.2 20 17.2 8.9
Italian — — 0.8 6 — 1.4
Japanese 6.1 3.6 4.7 — 0.9 2.5
Portuguese — — 0.2 — — —
Russian 16.8 23.4 18.0 — 5.6 7.6
Spanish 1.0 — 0.7 3.5 — 1.1
http://web2.adfl.org/adfl/bulletin/V12N4/124020.htm
Languages 1958 1965 1979 1879 1965 1973
Chinese — 0.5 0.4 — 0.4 —
English 50.5 50.3 65.0 42 51.2 66.4
French 5.5 7.3 2.2 23 8.6 4.3
German 9.7 6.4 4.2 20 17.2 8.9
Italian — — 0.8 6 — 1.4
Japanese 6.1 3.6 4.7 — 0.9 2.5
Portuguese — — 0.2 — — —
Russian 16.8 23.4 18.0 — 5.6 7.6
Spanish 1.0 — 0.7 3.5 — 1.1
http://web2.adfl.org/adfl/bulletin/V12N4/124020.htm
<< But then again, at least they're trying. Spanish isn't even trying! haha! >>
Because Spanish has nothing to show,prove and worth to try to.
bwahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha!
Because Spanish has nothing to show,prove and worth to try to.
bwahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha!
1. The dominance of English as the language of science is gradually increasing.
2. The four most important languages other than English are French, German, Japanese, and Russian. The proportion of the recent literature represented by these four languages varies from 23% for Index Medicus articles (1973) to 33% for journal titles in the Chemical Abstracts top 1,000 (1973–74).
3. A knowledge of any one of the leading four foreign languages would increase one's access to the literature by 10% or less by most of the criteria; the main exception is Russian, the proportion of which in the Chemical Abstracts listings is about 18% in recent years.
4. Each of the minor languages generally contributes 1% or less to the various samples; the main exceptions are the proportions of Italian (3.8%) and Spanish (2.4–5.5%) in the National Library of Medicine holdings.
5. The “traditional†languages of science—English, French, and German—together currently span 70–80% of the literature in the various categories. This figure is down from 85% for the same languages in Index Medicus articles for 1879, as a result of the diminished roles of French and German.
2. The four most important languages other than English are French, German, Japanese, and Russian. The proportion of the recent literature represented by these four languages varies from 23% for Index Medicus articles (1973) to 33% for journal titles in the Chemical Abstracts top 1,000 (1973–74).
3. A knowledge of any one of the leading four foreign languages would increase one's access to the literature by 10% or less by most of the criteria; the main exception is Russian, the proportion of which in the Chemical Abstracts listings is about 18% in recent years.
4. Each of the minor languages generally contributes 1% or less to the various samples; the main exceptions are the proportions of Italian (3.8%) and Spanish (2.4–5.5%) in the National Library of Medicine holdings.
5. The “traditional†languages of science—English, French, and German—together currently span 70–80% of the literature in the various categories. This figure is down from 85% for the same languages in Index Medicus articles for 1879, as a result of the diminished roles of French and German.
1. The dominance of English as the language of science is gradually increasing.
2. The four most important languages other than English are French, German, Japanese, and Russian. The proportion of the recent literature represented by these four languages varies from 23% for Index Medicus articles (1973) to 33% for journal titles in the Chemical Abstracts top 1,000 (1973–74).
3. A knowledge of any one of the leading four foreign languages would increase one's access to the literature by 10% or less by most of the criteria; the main exception is Russian, the proportion of which in the Chemical Abstracts listings is about 18% in recent years.
4. Each of the minor languages generally contributes 1% or less to the various samples; the main exceptions are the proportions of Italian (3.8%) and Spanish (2.4–5.5%) in the National Library of Medicine holdings.
5. The “traditional” languages of science—English, French, and German—together currently span 70–80% of the literature in the various categories. This figure is down from 85% for the same languages in Index Medicus articles for 1879, as a result of the diminished roles of French and German.
Access to information in foreign language articles is often improved by the inclusion of an English abstract with the article. The extent to which this practice is followed is indicated by the data in Table 4, which gives the percentage of non-English language articles with English abstracts listed in Index Medicus for 1972. In view of the limited abstracting done and the limited information usually included in abstracts, reliance on abstracts would seem a poor substitute for knowledge of the language.
The availability of translation services and translated journals has increased the accessibility of foreign language literature, though at considerable cost in time and money. D. N. Wood has documented progress in this field. 2 I have not found data on the proportion of literature in various languages available in translation.
The scientist may require knowledge of languages not only to gain access to research but also to qualify for certain jobs. For example, Chemical Abstracts Service employs professional scientists with capabilities in over fifty languages to prepare abstracts in English. 3 Table 5 gives the numbers on the staff who handle the languages in our selected list. As might be expected, the languages requiring the most translators are French, German, Japanese, and Russian.
The data on volume of literature in the various languages should be interpreted with reasonable caution. For example, the quantity of published literature is not necessarily correlated with the level of scientific leadership of that literature, nor perhaps with other relevant matters that might influence the value of a foreign language for a scientist.
In summary, the data presented show that a knowledge of English alone gives one access to roughly 60% of the scientific literature, a proportion that is growing with time. Access may be increased by perhaps 5 to 10% through a knowledge of French, German, Japanese, or Russian. Of these languages, Russian is likely to be the most useful in the chemical sciences, since about 18% of the current chemical literature is in Russian. There is some evidence that knowledge of these and other languages would qualify scientists for special types of employment.
The author is Professor of Biophysics at Iowa State University. This report was originally compiled for colleagues at Iowa State and is now being published at the urging of Orrin Frink, to whom the author is grateful for advice andencouragement. The author also wishes to acknowledge the generous assistance of Russell J. Rowlett, Jr., and Martha R. Fishel in supplying many of the data and in permitting publication of this information.
NOTES
1 Information on Chemical Abstracts was obtained through personal communication with R. J. Rowlett, Jr., of Chemical Abstracts Service, 22 Oct. 1980 and 28 Apr. 1981; for data on Index Medicus , see M. E. Corning and M. M. Cummings, “Biomedical Communications,” in Advances in American Medicine: Essays at the Bicentennial , ed. J. Z. Bowers and E. F. Purcell (New York: Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation, 1976), II , 722–73. Since the completion of this paper, another compilation of the language distribution of articles appearing in Chemical Abstracts in 1961, 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 has been brought to my attention; see D. B. Baker, “Recent Trends in Chemical Literature Growth,” Chemical and Engineering News , 59, No. 22 (1981), 29–34.
2 D. N. Wood, “Chemical Literature and the Foreign Language Problem,” Chemistry in Britain , 2 (1966), 346–50; see also his “The Foreign-Language Problem Facing Scientists and Technologists in the United Kingdom—Report of a Recent Survey,” Journal of Documentation , 23 (1967), 117–30; and “Foreign Serials and Translations,” in The Use of Biological Literature , 2nd ed., R. T. Bottle and H. V. Wyatt, eds. (London: Butterworths, 1971), 35–49.
3 Letter from R. J. Rowlett, Jr., Chemical Abstracts Service, 22 Oct. 1980.
http://web2.adfl.org/adfl/bulletin/V12N4/124020.htm
2. The four most important languages other than English are French, German, Japanese, and Russian. The proportion of the recent literature represented by these four languages varies from 23% for Index Medicus articles (1973) to 33% for journal titles in the Chemical Abstracts top 1,000 (1973–74).
3. A knowledge of any one of the leading four foreign languages would increase one's access to the literature by 10% or less by most of the criteria; the main exception is Russian, the proportion of which in the Chemical Abstracts listings is about 18% in recent years.
4. Each of the minor languages generally contributes 1% or less to the various samples; the main exceptions are the proportions of Italian (3.8%) and Spanish (2.4–5.5%) in the National Library of Medicine holdings.
5. The “traditional” languages of science—English, French, and German—together currently span 70–80% of the literature in the various categories. This figure is down from 85% for the same languages in Index Medicus articles for 1879, as a result of the diminished roles of French and German.
Access to information in foreign language articles is often improved by the inclusion of an English abstract with the article. The extent to which this practice is followed is indicated by the data in Table 4, which gives the percentage of non-English language articles with English abstracts listed in Index Medicus for 1972. In view of the limited abstracting done and the limited information usually included in abstracts, reliance on abstracts would seem a poor substitute for knowledge of the language.
The availability of translation services and translated journals has increased the accessibility of foreign language literature, though at considerable cost in time and money. D. N. Wood has documented progress in this field. 2 I have not found data on the proportion of literature in various languages available in translation.
The scientist may require knowledge of languages not only to gain access to research but also to qualify for certain jobs. For example, Chemical Abstracts Service employs professional scientists with capabilities in over fifty languages to prepare abstracts in English. 3 Table 5 gives the numbers on the staff who handle the languages in our selected list. As might be expected, the languages requiring the most translators are French, German, Japanese, and Russian.
The data on volume of literature in the various languages should be interpreted with reasonable caution. For example, the quantity of published literature is not necessarily correlated with the level of scientific leadership of that literature, nor perhaps with other relevant matters that might influence the value of a foreign language for a scientist.
In summary, the data presented show that a knowledge of English alone gives one access to roughly 60% of the scientific literature, a proportion that is growing with time. Access may be increased by perhaps 5 to 10% through a knowledge of French, German, Japanese, or Russian. Of these languages, Russian is likely to be the most useful in the chemical sciences, since about 18% of the current chemical literature is in Russian. There is some evidence that knowledge of these and other languages would qualify scientists for special types of employment.
The author is Professor of Biophysics at Iowa State University. This report was originally compiled for colleagues at Iowa State and is now being published at the urging of Orrin Frink, to whom the author is grateful for advice andencouragement. The author also wishes to acknowledge the generous assistance of Russell J. Rowlett, Jr., and Martha R. Fishel in supplying many of the data and in permitting publication of this information.
NOTES
1 Information on Chemical Abstracts was obtained through personal communication with R. J. Rowlett, Jr., of Chemical Abstracts Service, 22 Oct. 1980 and 28 Apr. 1981; for data on Index Medicus , see M. E. Corning and M. M. Cummings, “Biomedical Communications,” in Advances in American Medicine: Essays at the Bicentennial , ed. J. Z. Bowers and E. F. Purcell (New York: Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation, 1976), II , 722–73. Since the completion of this paper, another compilation of the language distribution of articles appearing in Chemical Abstracts in 1961, 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 has been brought to my attention; see D. B. Baker, “Recent Trends in Chemical Literature Growth,” Chemical and Engineering News , 59, No. 22 (1981), 29–34.
2 D. N. Wood, “Chemical Literature and the Foreign Language Problem,” Chemistry in Britain , 2 (1966), 346–50; see also his “The Foreign-Language Problem Facing Scientists and Technologists in the United Kingdom—Report of a Recent Survey,” Journal of Documentation , 23 (1967), 117–30; and “Foreign Serials and Translations,” in The Use of Biological Literature , 2nd ed., R. T. Bottle and H. V. Wyatt, eds. (London: Butterworths, 1971), 35–49.
3 Letter from R. J. Rowlett, Jr., Chemical Abstracts Service, 22 Oct. 1980.
http://web2.adfl.org/adfl/bulletin/V12N4/124020.htm
Foreign Language Abstractors Employed by
Chemical Abstracts Service, 1980
Language Number
Chinese -- 12
French --- 60
German -- 75
Italian ---- 10
Japanese - 20
Port. ----- 4
Russian -- 55
Spanish -- 12
a Letter from R. J. Rowlett, Jr., 22 Oct. 1980.
http://web2.adfl.org/adfl/bulletin/V12N4/124020.htm
Russian, French,and German are real ones that trail English inscience.
Chemical Abstracts Service, 1980
Language Number
Chinese -- 12
French --- 60
German -- 75
Italian ---- 10
Japanese - 20
Port. ----- 4
Russian -- 55
Spanish -- 12
a Letter from R. J. Rowlett, Jr., 22 Oct. 1980.
http://web2.adfl.org/adfl/bulletin/V12N4/124020.htm
Russian, French,and German are real ones that trail English inscience.
Spanish language is always the loser in this debate.
The hispanics keep on insisting the primary or secondary importance of Spanish but they don't have any basis or data to show.
Next time don't post information if you don't have any supporting facts because others who view this forum will have an impression on you that you're lying or ignorant not knowing what you're talking about.
Everybody who are objective in this forum admit that French is the most studied and taught foreign language in (UK, Australia, NZ, SA, and Ireland) and second in the rest of the world, Russian is second in science and maybe ahead of English in space exploration, German is second in Eastern Europe, and Spanish is first foreign language in the USA.
The hispanics keep on insisting the primary or secondary importance of Spanish but they don't have any basis or data to show.
Next time don't post information if you don't have any supporting facts because others who view this forum will have an impression on you that you're lying or ignorant not knowing what you're talking about.
Everybody who are objective in this forum admit that French is the most studied and taught foreign language in (UK, Australia, NZ, SA, and Ireland) and second in the rest of the world, Russian is second in science and maybe ahead of English in space exploration, German is second in Eastern Europe, and Spanish is first foreign language in the USA.
<< Dude, get some new figures. 37 years is a long time. >>
Sorry, I cannot find but even if there's new the ranking would still be the same.
English, Russian, German/French, Japanese, Italian, Chinese, Spanish, and Portuguese.
It's obvious that if you read English language science magazine, you can make conclusion which languages are in forefront because if there's new discoveries or invention outside the English language realm, virtually all come from Russia, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, and even Brazil. Seldom from Spain and Hispanic America.
Sorry, I cannot find but even if there's new the ranking would still be the same.
English, Russian, German/French, Japanese, Italian, Chinese, Spanish, and Portuguese.
It's obvious that if you read English language science magazine, you can make conclusion which languages are in forefront because if there's new discoveries or invention outside the English language realm, virtually all come from Russia, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, and even Brazil. Seldom from Spain and Hispanic America.
L'espagnol est la quatrieme langue la plus importante
apres l'anglais, le chinois, et bien sur, français
apres l'anglais, le chinois, et bien sur, français
Portuguese is not important globally:
1. percentage of Europeans speaking Portuguese (excluding native speakers): 0 %
2. percentage of Spanish spealing Latin American speaking Portuguese: 2%
1. percentage of Europeans speaking Portuguese (excluding native speakers): 0 %
2. percentage of Spanish spealing Latin American speaking Portuguese: 2%
When an Italian study to be a doctor, he/she study in Italian. He/she only needs some books in English to complete the study, almost always American books.
/Italians use American books translated in Italian.
/Italians use American books translated in Italian.