Do you like Brazilian Portuguese?

Alison   Sun Jan 08, 2006 1:44 am GMT
Correction of “A Small Differentiating Glossary”



cacete: EP: a kind of bread (French stick). BP: obscene word, meaning “penis”.

BP: is using slang
EP: is a kind of bread and can also be a stick.

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freguesia: EP: an administrative division of the towns. BP: “clientele”, “customers”.

EP: it also means customers or a Parish.

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fresco and frio: two words that refer to low temperatures. In general, frio means “cold”, and fresco means “fresh”; frio is colder than fresco. But in EP, when one asks for água fresca, he wants “cold water”.

EP: you can say both ways in Eu Portuguese it depends where you live. As it snows in the north fresco my mean a lot colder than in the south of Portugal.

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lousa: EP: “gravestone”. BP: “blackboard”

EP: lousa or loisa is also blackboard. Lamina de pedra, ardosia, lura(toca ou lora), armadilha de pedra.

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mama and peito: these words refer to the breasts. Peito may also refer to the chest (also for men). In BP, mama is a technical term (cáncer de mama: breast cancer); peito is an obscene word (que peitos grandes!: what huge tits!). In EP, mama is used in this obscene sense (que grandes mamas!: what huge tits!)

Since when “peito” in Brazil is an obscene word and “mamas” in Portugal is an obscene word? What a nonsense!

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moça and rapariga: in BP, moça is used to refer to young ladies (aquela moça: that young lady); in EP, the word is considered rude (because it was used to refer to servants); instead, the words senhorita (little lady), menina (girl) or rapariga may be used. Rapariga means “young lady” in EP, but in BP, means “concubine” (in an offensive sense) or even “prostitute”.


EP: the word moça is not considered rude! It is more used in the countryside. We do not use senhorita only senhora (but it can be used in other regions of Portugal). Rapariga means girl.

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talho: EP: “butcher’s shop”. BP: “cutting”

EP: means also to cut. Compartimento das salinas. Corte de carne no açougue. Desbaste de ramos das arvores.Talhão,leira. Acto de atalhar ou reprimir. O mesmo que açougue. Feição.

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trem and comboio: in BP, trem means “train”, and comboio means “a group of transport vehicles”, “a convoy” (um comboio de ônibus: a group of buses). In EP, trem is not used; instead, they use comboio for “train”.


EP: trem is used: it means any carriage but is used by old people and came from French. Comitiva (old), conjunto de utensilios, conjunto de malas (old).

EP: comboio means “a group of transport vehicles”, “a convoy” porção de carros que se dirigem ao mesmo destino.Navio carregado e escoltado por embarcaçõs de guerra. Serie de carruagens engatadas.



I don’t know why people do not check the dictionary and keep inventing things about Eu Portuguese. Most words in Portugal have several meanings and Brazilians only use one of them, when they hear a different meaning from what they use they think we only use that one. That is a tremendous lack of vocabulary. Synonims are becoming a major confusion for Brazilians.
Alison   Sun Jan 08, 2006 1:52 am GMT
Mariana wrote:
>>>Are we ready for Brazuguese!<<<

:D
Mariana   Sun Jan 08, 2006 2:30 am GMT
Alison

Good Job!

I was thinking the same as you. All these words have multiple meanings for both languages but they all work well for both languages. Your notes are to the point.


Many Brazilians are shooting themselves on the foot by not doing their homework. This "glossary" is wrong and misleading!Unbelievable that someone could write it down and be taken seriously.

Thank you.
Alison   Sun Jan 08, 2006 2:36 am GMT
Viva Tupy! wrote:

>>>Este ano é considerado a morte do tupi no Brasil, que foi quando o Marquês de Pombal, em nome do rei Dom José I, proibiu o ensino e o uso do tupi em todo o território nacional, instituindo o português como única língua do Brasil.<<<

The death of Tupi in Brazil?Tupi was only Nhengatu? Nhengatu was created by the Portuguese Jesuits. The Indians kept speaking Tupi.



“The Tupi language subgroup consists of 6 languages in the Tupi-Guarani language family: Tupi Antigo, Nhengatu, Tupinkin, Potiguara, Omagua, and Cocoma.”


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupi_language
Alison   Sun Jan 08, 2006 2:55 am GMT
I almost forgot to ask this:

If Portuguese was made the only language in Brazil from where came all the native languages that are spoken today?

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=BR&seq=10

A comment was "a bit" exagerated don't you think so?
Alison   Sun Jan 08, 2006 2:58 am GMT
I almost forgot to ask this:

If Portuguese was made the only language in Brazil from where came all the native languages that are spoken today?

http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=BR&seq=10

Your comment was "a bit" exagerated don't you think so?
Brazilian changer   Sun Jan 08, 2006 6:04 am GMT
''Two changes clearly inter-related in Brazilian Portuguese are the loss of null pronominal subjects and the loss of VS order, either the verb second constraint (German inversion) or the ‘stylistic inversion’ (Kato and Duarte 1998). In fact, the rate of null subjects in speech today (an average of 25%, according to Duarte 1995 and 2003) is incompatible with the rates found for Romance null subject languages, such as Spanish, Italian and European Portuguese (an average of 72% null subjects, according to Duarte 1995), languages in which a null subject is the unmarked realization of a pronominal subject. In the same way,the occurrence of VS in Brazilian Portuguese seems to be restricted to unaccusative verbs (cf. Votre and Naro 1986; Spano 2002), which could not be considered a prototypical case of inversion, since these verbs lack an external argument. This paper will present an analysis of the VS order with unaccusative verbs, considering only NP arguments, under the hypothesis that, as a consequence of the change in the Null Subject Parameter and in the VS/SV Parameter, the occurrence of VS with unaccusatives has become a variable rule in Brazilian Portuguese and the new SV order is gradually replacing VS. In this way, sentences such as English ‘A boy arrived’ and French ‘Un garçon est arrivé’ are getting more and more usual in BP: ‘Um rapaz chegou’ instead of ‘Chegou um rapaz’. Empirical evidence for the change in progress is based on a trend study (Labov 1994) of Rio de Janeiro speakers with low or mid levels of formal education, comparing results from the early 80’s and the late 90’s. The variable analysis shows that there is still significant occurrence of VS, but it is restricted to a group of unaccusative verbs, such as ‘acontecer’ (happen) and ‘existir’ (exist), whose internal argument is invariably [- animate]. On the other hand, unaccusative verbs with a [+ animate] argument, such as ‘crescer’ (grow), ‘morrer’ (die), ‘nascer’ (be born), which usually present VS order in modern Romance null subject languages in “presentational” sentences, already show preferably SV order in Brazilian Portuguese. ''

References
DUARTE, M. E. L. 1995. A perda do princípio “Evite Pronome” no português brasileiro. PhD Dissertation, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo. DUARTE, M. E. L. 2003. A evolução na representação do sujeito pronominal em dois tempos. Em Paiva, M. da Conceição & M. E. L. Duarte (orgs.) Mudança lingüística em tempo real. Rio de Janeiro: Contra Capa/Faperj. 115-128. KATO, M. A. & DUARTE, M. E. L. 1998. A diachronic analysis of Brazilian Portuguese WH-questions. Paper presented at NWAV27, Univ. of Georgia, Athens. LABOV, W. 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors. Oxford, Blackwell. SPANO, M. 2002. A ordem V SN em construções monoargumentais na fala culta do português brasileiro e europeu. MS Thesis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. VOTRE, S. & NARO, A. 1986. Emergência da sintaxe como efeito discursivo. Final report of the Project Censo à Educação.

Source: http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/lingu/events/nwav34/Abstracts/Duarte&Soares.pdf
Brazilian changer   Sun Jan 08, 2006 6:38 am GMT
''The variety of Portuguese spoken in Brazil (BP) has been shown to be undergoing substantive changes in its grammar since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Three of them involve the pronominal system: (a) substantial decrease of referential null subjects (Duarte 1993, 1995): (1)a. __ chegou tarde (arrived late) b. Ele chegou tarde (He arrived late) (b) loss of third person accusative clitics o/a and the consequent introduction of non-clitic suppletive forms ele/ela (he/she) (Kato, 1993; Cyrino, 1994): (2) a. Pedro não o/a viu (Pedro not him/her saw) b. Pedro não viu ele/ela ( Pedro not saw he/she) ‘Pedro hasn’t seen him/her’and (c) the replacement of the weak pre-nominal possessive seu/sua for the post-nominal forms dele/dela (Oliveira e Silva 1996; Cerqueira, 1993): (3)a. Pedro trouxe sua mala (Pedro brought his bag) a. Pedro trouxe a mala dele (Pedro brought the bag of he) ‘Pedro brought his bag’ Three distinct forms (zero subject, o/a and seu/sua) are collapsed into a single form (ele/ela), turning the paradigms of object and possessive pronouns “defective”. In this paper we will study these changes, which affected the third person, and will show that they are ‘embedded’ in the change that affected BP regarding the setting of the null subject parameter ( Kato, 1999). In the first part of the presentation we will show the correlation of the changes that ultimately turned the non-clitic pronouns ele/ela into the suppletive forms for (a) the previous third person null subject, (b) the previous accusative clitics o/a, and (c) the previous weak possessive forms seu/sua . In the second part we will present the theoretical assumptions, distinguishing two classes of pronouns (strong and weak , the latter including free weak pronouns, clitics and pronominal agreement apud Kato, 1999) , and the process of doubling strong pronouns with weak ones (Kato, 2002). The third part will contain our analysis. Our first claim will be that while in older periods BP had a) pronominal agreement as subject (=null subject) , b) accusative clitics and c) weak possessives, these weak forms could appear in doubling patterns with strong pronouns when the referent was [+animate]. With the loss of the agreement affix as a weak pronominal, BP creates a paradigm of weak pronouns, and, as a consequence , ele/ela become weak pronouns, homophonous clones of the strong ELE/ELA, and as such without the restriction regarding animacy. The weak ele/ela have no inherent case and have case assigned structurally, which enables them to appear as subject (assigned nominative case), as object (assigned accusative case) and possessive (assigned genitive case). Empirical evidence comes from a quantitative analysis of sociolinguistic interviews with speakers from Rio de Janeiro, which confirms the unrestricted appearance of ele/ela with both [+animate] and [-animate] referents, in a clear contrast with previous periods. ''


REFERENCES

CERQUEIRA , V. (1993) A forma genitiva dele e a categoria de concordância (AGR) no português brasileiro. In Roberts & Kato (orgs) , 129-163. CYRINO, S.M.L. (1994) O Objeto nulo no Português do Brasil: um estudo sintático- diacrônico., UNICAMP: Tese de doutorado. DUARTE, MARIA EUGENIA.L. 1993. Do pronome nulo ao pronome pleno. In: I.ROBERTS & M.A Kato (eds) Português Brasileiro: Uma viagem diacrônica (Homenagem a Fernando Tarallo). Campinas: Editora da UNICAMP: 107-128. ____________1995. A Perda do Princípio „Evite pronome“ no Português Brasileiro. UNICAMP: Doctoral Dissertation. KATO, Mary A. (1993) The distribution of null and pronominal objects in Brazilian Portuguese. Linguistic Perspectives on the Romance Languages: Selected Papers from the XXI Linguistic
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2Symposium on Romance Languages (Currents Issues in Linguistic Theory Series), 225 235, Amsterdam:John Benjamins. ______________ (1999) Strong pronouns, weak pronominals and the null subject parameter. PROBUS, 11,1:-38 _____________ (2002) Pronomes fortes e fracos na gramática do português brasileiro. Revista Portuguesa de Filologia.Vol XXIV: 101-122, Coimbra. OLIVEIRA E SILVA, G. M. 1996. Estertores da forma seu de terceira pessoa na língua oral. In: G. M. Oliveira e Silva & M. Scherre (orgs) Padrões Sociolingüísticos. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro.

source: http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/lingu/events/nwav34/Abstracts/Kato&Duarte.pdf
Kelly   Sun Jan 08, 2006 7:57 am GMT
Pronomes oblíquos de terceira pessoa
(Hélio Consolaro* )

Com o objetivo de lutar para que o ensino do português escrito fique mais fácil, esta coluna vem publicando alguns artificialismos da gramática tradicional que continuam sendo ensinados nas escolas, numa dissociação gritante entre escola e realidade lingüística.

A distância entre a língua falada e a escrita sempre existirá, porque esta é mais conservadora, enquanto aquela é o motor das mudanças, mas não é mais possível tolerar essa distância quilométrica no português, dificultando sobremaneira o trabalho do professor em sala de aula no processo de alfabetização, fazendo que sejamos bilíngües, embora falemos e escrevamos uma só língua.

Reli recentemente o conto O Colocador de Pronomes, de Monteiro Lobato, e a questão no livro Português ou Brasileiro? - Um Convite à Pesquisa, de Marcos Bagno, para abordar o assunto nesta coluna.

O conto foi escrito em 1916, quando Lobato satirizou os gramáticos. Quase um século depois, o problema continua o mesmo.

O lingüista Bagno anuncia a morte dos pronomes oblíquos de 3ª pessoa, pois eles só existem nas gramáticas. Eis os exemplos, para que se entenda melhor:

Conheço Pedro, mas tem muito tempo que não o vejo.(Como querem os gramáticos.)

Conheço Pedro, mas tem muito tempo que não vejo ele.(Como se fala no cotidiano.)

O próprio filólogo Silveira Bueno, em 1955, já dizia isso: "Proíbe-se no português clássico e moderno, que se empreguem as formas retas dos pronomes em função complementar, como objeto direto, mormente não preposicionado. Tal proibição que é dogma de gramática e do ensino oficial tanto em Portugal como no Brasil, encontra numerosas exceções no português arcaico e, em nossa pátria, é de todo transgredida na língua familiar e vida da sociedade".

No livro A Hora da Estrela, Clarice Lispector escreve:

Se sei quase tudo de Macabéa é que já peguei uma vez de relance o olhar de uma nordestina amarelada. Esse relance me deu ela de corpo inteiro.

Tão artificial ficaria se Clarice tivesse escrito:

Esse relance ma deu de corpo inteiro.

Jornalistas e escritores avançam o sinal vermelho dos gramáticos, acelerando as mudanças. Isso traz algum alento.
Naldo   Sun Jan 08, 2006 6:35 pm GMT
Não sou Portugues nem Brasileiro.
A minha pergunta é se esse negocio de meter o pronome no meio do verbo é exclusivamente Portugues ou há outras linguas que fazem a mesma coisa?
Como:
falar-lhe-ei
dar-te-emos etc
Nunca ví ninguem falar assim, mas já ví coisas assim escritas.
Mel   Sun Jan 08, 2006 11:56 pm GMT
falar-lhe-ei
dar-te-emos

this is arcaic Portuguese.....it sounds as weird as IT IS I, I SHANT in English
Mel   Mon Jan 09, 2006 12:22 am GMT
-esse negocio de meter o pronome no meio do verbo-


meter is almost an insult in Brazilian Portuguese

You should say COLOCAR, BOTAR or PÔR instead
Mariana   Mon Jan 09, 2006 12:42 am GMT
Mel »»meter is almost an insult in Brazilian Portuguese »»

Who cares?

Meta na sua cabecinha que há muitas variantes da língua portuguesa. Se ofende os brasileiros, que se finem. Muitas expressões do PB chocam outros falantes da língua Portuguesa.

"Botar" em EP não quer dizer nada, exepto para a expressão "bota abaixo" que quer dizer "desmancha prazeres" pessoa que nunca está de acordo.Tudo bem?
Alison   Mon Jan 09, 2006 10:49 am GMT
Mel wrote:

>>>meter is almost an insult in Brazilian Portuguese

You should say COLOCAR, BOTAR or PÔR instead<<<

In Brazil it just depends of your level of speach, if you are being rude all the rest of the speach will be rude no matter the words you use. It also depends of where you live in Brazil.

If you say "foi se meter numa confusão" no one thinks it is rude.

This I never heard:
"foi se botar numa confusão"

This could be heard but what I normally hear is "meter":
"foi se colocar numa confusão",
"foi se pôr numa confusão"

Any word that is not a swear word can be rude if you are being rude.
Alison   Mon Jan 09, 2006 11:46 am GMT
"A Escola do Futuro da Universidade de São Paulo"

A Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante Brasileiro:

12. O que é mesóclise? Segundo a norma culta, quando ela deve ser utilizada?
Resposta 12:
Mesóclise é o uso de pronome no meio do verbo. Exemplos: dir-lhe-ei, tornar-se-ia. De acordo com a norma culta, é obrigatória se o verbo estiver no futuro (do presente ou do pretérito), iniciando um período ou uma oração após vírgula. Exemplos: "Lembrar-me-ei sempre da nossa aliança" ou "Se o ateísmo se propagasse, tornar-se-ia uma religião t o despótica como muitas."

http://www.bibvirt.futuro.usp.br/abibvirt/concursos/gincana/gabarito.html


In Brazil people do not make use of the 'mesoclitic' form in everyday speach but if you use it you are understood by educated people. In Portugal it is used in everyday speach.